The average success rate for new drugs to be approved is a mere 10.8%. With the estimated average cost of developing a new drug at £173 million, this equates to an average of £1.6 billion for securing one approved drug amidst nine unsuccessful ones.

The majority of clinical failures stem from a lack of efficacy (50%), followed by toxicity (30%). Lack of efficacy is partly attributed to preclinical drug development methods failing to adequately consider the mechano-signatures or mechano-phenotypes of human tissues. While the physical changes in tissues during disease, such as increased stiffness in tumours, have been recognised for decades, and technologies like ultrasound or magnetic resonance elastography can